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Monday 16 July 2012

Mad Men Commentary: Episode 508 Lady Lazarus


Sylvia Plath makes a cameo appearance in this week's episode of Mad Men, if only obliquely - contributing the title, Lady Lazarus, from a posthumously published poem. Plath died at 30, a contemporary of the younger set at SCDP, separated from her husband, the poet Ted Hughes. At first glance, the title seems to merely point to Pete Campbell's state of mind, thwarted once again by an unavailable woman. But the title may also reference Megan Draper's resurrection from the despair of office work, liberated to once again pursue a career in the theatre.

The episode opens with Pete on his way to work, reading on the train. His friend Howard Dawes (Jeff Clarke) takes the seat opposite him and flops down, complaining about a slow month of insurance sales. Pete has been bracing for a pitch from this guy and cuts him off at the pass, letting Howard know that SCDP has taken a policy out on him that pays six times his salary. He tags this with a curious bit of specificity. "After two years, it covers suicide." Howard assures Pete that the policy isn't what he thinks, but backs off, leaving Pete to sort it out over some sleepless nights.

Insurance aside, Howard brags about his new mistress, whom he shacks up with in an apartment he keeps in the city for nights when he has to "work late." Pete, scandalized, asks if he isn't afraid of getting caught. Howard brushes off the concern. He's providing a good life for his wife. Shouldn't that be enough?

Howard has lit the fuse to two of Pete's major insecurities: a) a feeling of not being treated with respect at work and b) jealousy over not getting what everyone else is getting (in this case, a girl on the side). It's odd how, on the surface, Pete has everything in the world going his way: an ascendant career, a beautiful wife, healthy child, a nice home in the suburbs. But it's not enough. Something is missing. Like Don in his new role as happy husband, Pete is doing all the right things, but they don't satisfy. There's no authenticity - nothing deep - and thus no real satisfaction.

At the office, Megan receives a mysterious call and sneaks out to talk on a pay phone. On the way out, she passes the conference room, where Don and Ginsberg and Stan are pitching Chevalier Blanc, a men's cologne. Ginsberg is doing the presentation, a take on The Beatles' A Hard Day's Night.

There's an interesting conversation at the end of the pitch. The client loves the concept, but worries about the music. The Beatles are impossible to get, he's been told, but Stan says not to worry, that there are a million bands that sound like the Beatles. Matthew Weiner has run into the same issues in clearing music for Mad Men, and in fact, The New York Times reported that Weiner paid $250,000 for the use of the Beatles song Tomorrow Never Knows. But I'm getting ahead of myself.

After the client leaves, Don and Ginsberg and Stan talk about the music. Don's worried about finding the right piece of music, but doesn't speak that language. He asks the guys what they think, and they start listing a string of bands that, to Don's ears, was as comprehensible as Megan's mother's French. He cuts them off and tells them that Megan will tell him what to do.

The sight of Roger Sterling is always a good thing, and he brings a welcome bit of levity to the episode, summoning Pete to his office to offer a gift - two sets of brand new skis, courtesy of Head, a potential new account. Pete doesn't trust the gesture, and pauses at the door, cautiously testing Roger. "Do they explode?" he asks. Roger explains that the head of the company asked for Pete by name over lunch. "You're building quite a name for yourself," Roger says. Still not trusting Roger, Pete asks him why he's telling him these things. Roger says he's happy to sit back and count the money as Pete brings in the business. Satisfied, Pete helps himself to Roger's gift, taking both pairs of skis. Roger, as always, tags the scene. "And I got to see that," he says, as Pete fumbles with two sets of skis and poles.

Is Roger up to something? Why has he paired Pete up with this "Schmoe from Lutherville, Maryland"? If nothing else, the scene is a perfect illustration of Pete's infantile nature, and how easily he is swayed from one emotional state (fear & mistrust) to another (pleasure & self-entitlement). It was the great poet John Cougar Mellencamp who once wrote that a man who doesn't stand for something is "gonna fall for anything." Indeed.

At day's end, Megan pops into Don's office as he's leaving for a client dinner. He asks her to join him, but she declines, saying she has work to do. "When did music become so important?" he asks. "It's always been important," she says. "I mean, jingles, yeah, but everybody keeps coming in, looking for some song. And they're so specific." He's so confused by the cultural shifts that are taking place, exclaiming finally that he has no idea what's going on out there. Megan shoos him off to his dinner, and as soon as she closes his office door, a worried expression replaces her smile. What else does Don not know about?

Pete is working late. Well, not exactly. He has a drink at his desk, and though it's never identified, the folio on his desk looks like the details of an insurance policy. I'm betting that Howard was right about Pete's insurance - that it does more for the SCDP family than the Campbell family. Finally, he gathers his things, as well as his skis, and runs into Peggy on his way out. She teases him about his skis, and he explains that they're a gift from a client. When Peggy comments that it's good that a client is giving "us" a present, Pete corrects her. "They're giving me gifts, and they haven't even met me." He's so insecure.

The moment Pete disappears, Megan strolls into the break room, wearing a different dress from the one she wore at work. "I thought we were working?" Peggy asks. Megan lies, telling her that Don called her away to his dinner. The scene is a small, nearly throw-away moment, but it's another example of how intricately the pieces of each episode fit together. This moment between Peggy and Megan hits on many dynamics that drive them and the themes of the episode and season. When Megan explains her summons from Don, Peggy snaps back - "There's nothing I can do about that, I guess." Megan tells her she can go home, but Peggy is unsatisfied with some copy they've been working on. When Peggy complains about it, Megan reminds her that it's exactly as Peggy dictated. In that exchange, we get Megan's unhappiness with her job, Peggy's jealousy/annoyance with Megan's favored-nation-status with Don, as well as Peggy's need to overcompensate for any lack of talent with workaholism. It's well written and well played.

Pete nearly makes it home with his skis when a woman in the parking lot of the train station approaches him. It's Beth Dawes (Alexis Bledel, from Gilmore Girls), Howard's wife. She's there to pick him up, but he's not coming home. She's locked herself out of the car, and asks Pete for a ride home.

Pete finds himself in the position of having to cover for his friend, and he does a poor job of it. He also does a poor job of driving, calling back to another awkward encounter with a pretty young lady. Beth figures him to be from the city, and launches into a mopey diatribe about how sad it is, with all the hobos, etc. (Pete's response to the hobos - "There's not that many" - is hilariously out of touch).

This scene is intercut with a scene between Don and Peggy. He's home alone, drunkish, and he calls the office, looking for Megan. Peggy answers the phone and quickly realizes that Megan has lied to them both and brushes Don off.

Back at the Dawes residence, Beth confronts Pete, asking him if it's harder to lie to her now that he knows her. She says that Howard doesn't care whether she's alive or dead, and gets out of the car. Rather than warning him away, the red flags that pop-up around this girl only serve to inflame Pete's passion. They're a lot alike, these two. He follows her to the house, and they end up doing it on the living room floor.

Cut to Peggy, typing copy. The phone rings. She knows it's Don. She picks up the phone. Yep, it's Don, but she says nothing. "Peggy?" Don asks. After a beat, Peggy shouts "Pizza House" is a bad accent and hangs up on him. When he calls back, she ignores the phone and packs up for the night, unable to lie for Megan the way Pete did for Howard.

Pete and Beth lie on the floor, breathing heavily. They are flushed. This is the only way Pete can feel anything, it seems. Pete asks her to say something, and she says that she's been getting attention from men since before it was appropriate and that no one has ever been interested in hearing what she has to say about anything. It's a sad admission that must have struck a nerve with Pete, whose father treated him much the same way. She tells him that the irises of his eyes remind her of photographs of the earth, taken from outer space. Pete, ever looking for validation, says he'll take the remark as a compliment, but she bursts his bubble by going on to say that those photographs make her feel unprotected and surrounded by darkness. Pete's only response to this is, "So, you don't like my eyes?"

The spell broken, Beth buttons her blouse and tells Pete he has to leave and that this can never happen again. He's confused, but he leaves.

When Megan finally makes it home, Don's waiting for her, slurred by drink. He tells her about the conversation with Peggy, and Megan explains that she had to lie to her to get away for drinks with friends. Good story, but she's changed back into her work dress. She's lying. She's not a good liar, either. It's written all over her face, but Don either doesn't notice or doesn't want to know the truth.

The next morning, Don and Megan and Peggy ride up on the elevator together. Peggy nearly squirms from the discomfort she feels, and when they get to the office, she follows Megan into the ladies and laces into her for putting her in a bad position. Peggy lists two cardinal sins committed by Megan. The first is the lost night of work, due to the stress and worry of having to lie to Don. The second, and more important of the sins, is the position of having to lie to Don. Peggy just can't do it. Regardless of how jacked-up their relationship may be, she reveres him like a father and hates to disappoint or betray him. And she deeply resents being put in a position to do just that.

Megan cuts her off and tells her the truth - that she wants to return to the theatre. Megan explains that she fantasizes about quitting. If she's looking for sympathy, she's barking up the wrong tree. Peggy's expression, once she realizes what Megan is saying is priceless. She can't fathom the idea that she wouldn't want to do this job. She reminds Megan that there are people dying for the opportunity to work there, bottom-lining it for her succinctly - "You're taking up a spot, and you don't even want to do it?" Peggy is beside herself. She wisely tells Megan that she can't keep lying to Don, but Megan, cornered and judged, insults her. Peggy tells her she doesn't care what she does and leaves.

Right after that, there's a meeting with Don, Ken, Stan, and Peggy. Don asks about Megan, and Peggy says she won't be there. Right after she says those words, Megan walks in, and they start the meeting - a skull session about how to pitch Cool Whip. Don and Megan have made up a scene, where she's a wife trying to get her husband to try this new dessert topping - Cool Whip. After some coaxing, Don and Megan do the scene for the gang. Don loves doing it, and the chemistry between him and Megan is undeniable. It's very cute, but Peggy is annoyed and jealous, blurting out the tagline "Just taste it," but saying "Just taste it, already" in a put-upon tone. She asks if Megan and Don are going to be in the commercial. Ken says no. Peggy pushes the point, asking who's not interested. Megan jumps in, saying she and Don aren't interested. Don has that dopey smile on his face, pleased with himself, but he senses Peggy's negativity and asks if she liked it. She admits that it's a good ad, but says she's still digesting it.

Pete can't shake this Beth Dawes. He calls her one morning from the pay phone outside the SCDP offices, demanding that the meet him in the city. She won't have anything to do with him, encouraging him to hang onto the fantasy but to stop calling her.

Nighttime at the Draper's finds Megan unable to sleep. Don is out cold. She wakes him, and confesses to her lie. It's a tender gesture, and rather than using the lie against her, Don asks a series of questions, trying to understand where she's going with this news. As Megan gets closer to the big question, Don tells her, "sometimes we don't' get to choose where our talents lie. What you did with Heinz, it took me years to think that way." She bats away this response. "Okay. So what do you want to do?" Don asks. She tells him that advertising will never be to her what it is for him. He offers to help her get on with another agency, to get around any kind of nepotism thing she's dealing with. Finally, she tells him. "I don't want to do it." Like Peggy, Don is taken aback. "You don't want to do it?" he asks, stunned and probably hurt. She apologizes, explaining that since she was a little girl, this has been her dream. "I don't want to keep you from your dream," Don tells her, offering to get her out of SCDP after one more day. She can't believe her luck - or Don's response - and showers Don with affection.

It's a tender scene, shot in darkness and whispers, giving it a conspiratorial air. It's superbly acted. Jessica Pare convincingly conveys Megan's sense of expecting something horrible from Don, and when it doesn't happen, her sense of relief is palpable. Similarly, Jon Hamm's growing sense of clarity about what is taking place is heartbreaking. He really seems to need her at the office. Thinking of the joy with which he acted out the Cool Whip skit, it's not hard to imagine the disappointment and hurt that will accompany her absence at the office.

But Don is a champ...for now. He does it all right, saying the right words, even if he doesn't mean them. The scene ends with her climbing into the bed and snuggling up to Don. The shot is nearly identical to the one of them in bed at the end of season 4, with Don wide awake and thinking while she slips off into happy slumber. Am I the only one waiting for the other shoe to drop?

The next morning, Don slips into Joan's office, looking for advice on the protocol of Megan's departure. Joan fishes for gossip, but Don assures her there is none. Satisfied, she tells Don she'll handle it with a lunch with just the girls.

Megan attempts to tell Peggy, Ginsberg, and Stan the news, but breaks down crying, melting away Peggy's hard-assed façade. Ginsberg and Stan ignore her, as usual, and Peggy yells at them to get their attention. Sobbing, she apologizes and tells them she won't be working there anymore. The reactions are great. Ginsberg: "Did her fire you? The son-of-a-bitch!" Megan laughs and says it's not that. She explains her desire to return to acting. Stan: [laughing] "Are you kidding me?" Peggy cuts him off before anymore insults escape his mouth. Chastened, the guys wish her the best, but not before Ginsberg goes on a jag of questions about whether actors wear their own clothing and shoes.

Megan thanks Peggy for all she's done for her, including the tough-love from the day before, which was what motivated her to overcome her fear of Don and confess the lie. Megan leaves, and the guys fall into wrong-headed speculation about the real reason she's leaving. They don't get it. Peggy can only say that it took a lot of guts for her to leave. Was remark inwardly directed? Peggy has had at least one opportunity to leave the agency and make her own mark, out from under Don's shadow. As ambitious as she is, she must wonder how she'd do without his tutelage and protection...and persecution.

Harry drops in on Pete, having been told the news by Joan. Pete's reaction disappoints Harry. He asks Pete if he's shocked. "No." "What about Don?" Harry asks. Pete launches into a rant that seems to be about the Drapers, but is really about Beth and her treatment of Pete. He bitches about how "they" turn it off and on, how "they" keep one waiting at attention. He's gotten himself all balled up over this woman.

Pete asks Harry about the photographs of earth, taken from outer space. "Do they make you feel small and insignificant?" "No. Jennifer does that," Harry says, a classic remark aimed at this long-suffering wife. Pete continues: "Why don't they give you a glimmer of hope in the midst of rejection? A little thread to hang onto. A suggestion of the future. In a court of law, it would look like an accident, but it's not." It's a cryptic remark. Harry, confused, confirms that Pete's not talking about Trudy or Megan Draper. "Why do they get to decide what's going to happen?" Pete asks. Harry shrugs and tells Pete that they just do, that's all. And he leaves.

What's Pete getting at with that comment about accidents and courts of law? The level of desperation Pete is feeling reminds me of Don's, way back in season 1, when Pete was threatening to blow the lid on his true identity. Don was fooling around with Rachel Menken, and when Pete made his threat, Don ran to Rachel, begging her to run off with him. He wanted to flee from his life, his problems. Similarly, Pete seeks escape from the life he has built for himself, and he's pinning his escape fantasy on a hurt, mixed-up housewife who is also stuck in the burbs. But Beth Dawes is no Rachel Menken, as we'll soon see.

Don walks Megan to the elevator, as she prepares to meet the girls from the office for her farewell luncheon. When she says she'll be back to pick up her box of personal possessions, he tells her he'll take care of it, sparing her the discomfort of another tearful goodbye. He's making all the right moves, and she rewards him with a long, sincere kiss. As the door closes, she gives him a girlish wave. Standing there, he hits the button to call another car. The bell rings, and he walks to the open door, and something weird happens. There's no car. It's just an empty elevator shaft. Don steps to the threshold and peers into the shaft. It was a malfunction. Did Don nearly step over the edge to his death? What's the metaphor? Is it symbolic of her leaving and him stuck? Foreshadowing? If so, then what? Does it go back to my wife's prediction that the guy falling in the show titles is actually Don committing his last act in the show? Who knows? But it's a chilling moment, one that sends Don to his mini-bar.

Don's drink is interrupted by Ken, Stan, and Ginsberg. Rick, from Chevalier Blanc, found a song that is Beatlesy enough for the commercial - September In The Rain. Don can't distinguish it from The Beatles, but Ginsberg has a violent reaction to the song, demanding that it be turned off. Ken asks Stan and Ginsberg to give him and Don a moment. Alone, Ken asks Don about the Cool Whip pitch. Now that Megan is no longer with the firm, Ken wants to know how to proceed with the skit. Don says that Peggy will fill in for Megan.

On the train ride home, Pete sits with Howard and finagles a visit to Howard's house, pretending to be interested in buying insurance. Howard is all for it, sure that his wife won't mind the intrusion. Once they arrive, Pete seizes a brief moment when he's alone with Beth to slip her a note and steal a kiss. She's overwhelmed, and disappears to the kitchen at her first opportunity. She calls Howard in to talk. Pete goes for his coat as Howard comes back from the kitchen. He's in trouble, he says, and that Pete owes it to him to stay and eat. Howard hasn't a clue.

As Joan is leaving, she runs into Peggy and tells her they missed her at lunch. Peggy explains that she'd like to do her own lunch with Megan. Joan slips into gossip-mode, but Peggy's feeling guilty and confesses to feeling as though she's run Megan off. Joan brushes aside her worry, explaining that Megan is a typical second wife for a man like Don - a failing artist married to a rich man. Peggy defends Megan, saying she thinks she's one of those girls who does everything well. Joan's response is classic - "Then you had every right to be hard on her." She goes on to compare Megan to Betty - the model and the actress. "That's the kind of girl Don marries," she explains. I re-watched that last line by Joan many times, trying to decide whether she was aiming that line at Peggy, somehow. I don't think she was. I guess it's aimed at Don, and what he's after.

Don arrives home from work to find Megan cooking in the kitchen, barefooted. She's surprised at his graciousness, and he assures her that he's fine. She tells him she loves him, and that he's everything she hoped he'd be. His response? "You too." Hmmm. Really?

The next day, Don and Peggy and Ken go to the General Foods laboratory and stink up the joint with their Cool Whip skit. Peggy keeps flubbing her lines, screwing up the slogan. Don corrects her, mid-skit, but they never come close to the chemistry Don shares with Megan. Afterwards, as their contact tries to salvage things with the decision-maker, Don and Peggy erupt into a fight. It's there that we see what's really going on inside Don's head. He takes out his disappointment on her, blaming her for screwing up the skit and being, basically, a bad influence (too cynical) on his poor, sweet wife. It's a childish argument that ends when Peggy calls Don out. She tells him that she's not the one he's mad at and to shut up. He does.

At Howard and Beth's, Pete handed Beth instructions to meet him at a hotel in the city. He holds up his end of the bargain, but she never shows, and he leaves the hotel defeated and angry.

Roger shows up at Don's office to find Don on the couch, having a drink. Roger has heard the news. He's probably also heard about Cool Whip. Like Don, he can't understand this younger generation and their dreams. Don underscores the generation gap by referring to his depression-era upbringing, where his dream was of indoor plumbing. Finally, Don gets philosophical, asking Roger why she shouldn't do what she wants. He says he doesn't want her to end up like Betty, or worse, like Megan's mom. Ouch. "You've got to go home," Roger says. "Let her know there's a routine. It'll keep you both out of trouble...Mona's dad told me that." Ah, Roger.

Don does go home, in time to catch her as she's leaving for class. She's picked up a copy of Revolver for him, a lesson on what's going on in this world of his that's being overrun by young people with dreams and messages. They kiss, and she leaves him to The Beatles.

He puts the album on, cues the song, kicks off his shoes, then takes his drink and sits in his easy chair as Tomorrow Never Knows plays. It's so odd to see Don Draper, a guy who would have felt comfortable with the Rat Pack, lounging with Revolver.

Turn off your mind, relax and float downstream...

As the song plays, the show closes with a montage of Peggy, Pete, and Megan.

Peggy is working late, as usual, with Stan, who hands her a joint. She takes a drag and inhales.

...That you may see the meaning of within...

Pete walks to his car, parked at the train station. Next to him, Howard gets into the driver's side of his car. Beth scoots over to the passenger side. She glances over at Pete, who looks shell-shocked. And this is where she's different from Rachel Menken. Rachel drove Don from her life, once she saw his true colors. Beth, on the other hand, looks at Pete, and as she does, she draws a heart in the steam on her window. Once

she sees that he's seen it, she rolls down her window, then rolls it back up, erasing this token that will surely string him along a little longer - but to what effect?

...that love is all and love is everyone...

Megan lies on the floor at school, participating in an exercise with other students. Her eyes closed, her body relaxed.

Next, we see the album spinning. Don picks up the needle and shuts off the music, either not liking or not understanding what he's heard. He shuffles off to the bedroom, and as soon as he disappears, the episode fades to black. And as soon as it does, the music resumes. Don can ignore The Beatles, but the change they symbolize can't be stopped.

In Plath's Lady Lazarus, a reference is made to the mythological Phoenix, who rose from the ashes. Who will roll with the change and be transformed, and who will fall by the wayside, unable or unwilling to adapt to a world that's been turned upside down?




Scott Slucher is grateful to have grown up in a household with many books and almost no restrictions on TV viewing, the breeding ground for a pop culture obsession that is explored at http://www.slucherville.com. These days, his scribbling is limited to a commentary of season 5 of Mad Men.




Share Your Knowledge By Writing: You Will Improve People's Lives & Contribute To Social Development!


What If Napoleon Hill Had Not Written Think And Grow Rich?

What would this world have been like if Hill had not written that wonderful book? Think back to all the successful people you know who have mentioned that reading THAT book transformed their lives. Imagine if they had never read the book i.e. it had not been written. The implications would be multiple fold. Let's consider a few examples.

Maybe today, Dr. Walter Doyles Staples would not be the accomplished person whose works have been a source of education and inspiration for thousands of people worldwide. Robert Kiyosaki would probably not be the person we know today, whose message about proper education of children, and the need for a reform of our traditional educational system, opened the eyes of many parents to what they can do to help their kids succeed in life.

My point is that when people who undergo useful/authentic experiences (or who make contact with those who do so), write in order to share their acquired knowledge with others, significant positive social development can quite often take place as a result. This will happen especially if those who read the written works, actually take action to diligently apply the knowledge they acquire from doing so in their personal lives.

You Can Change Lives Through Your Writings

By writing, we give others the opportunity to embark, more intelligently, and therefore with greater chances of success, on doing something we(or persons we closely studied) have also done in the past and/or are still doing. Anyone who has applied honest and diligent effort to a particular cause, can write competently about what s/he has done in a way that can benefit others who wish to pursue a similar goal.

While we are on the subject, have you ever wondered why it is that millions of parents worldwide have bought books by Robert Kiyosaki, and followed his advice about how to educate kids/prepare them to achieve financial independence, even though Robert clearly stated in the books that he and his wife(Kim) had no kids of their own?

I have, and the ONLY logical explanation for what should have been an unreasonable action on that part of the parents is this: They (wisely) chose to look beyond Robert NOT being a parent, to the intuitive and common sense logic of the ideas he presented, which resonated with those they had themselves battled with, during their own childhoods. That's why when you read some of the re-printed testimonials in Robert's bestseller titled "If you want to be rich and happy, don't go to school?", you will notice many of those people quoted said things like "That's what I think"; "puts into words what I have been thinking for a long time" etc.

When I read those commentaries/testimonials by those who read the above mentioned book, I could not help wondering if they would have ever gotten around to doing anything about what they were "thinking" IF someone like Robert had not decided to write it all in a book by himself. Again, back to the questions with which I started this article: What if Robert had never chosen to write any of his books? One thing at least is certain: our thinking about how children should be educated and prepared to pursue success in life as independent adults, would be worse off than it is now. That is the value that Robert's writing has added to millions of lives the world over - mine inclusive(the distance between our continents of residence notwithstanding).

Many People Who Should Write Are NOT Writing

In many societies, people daily undergo unique experiences of all kinds, that those around them may never have the opportunity of going through. For each person, the learning acquired through those experiences literally shapes who they become over time, and ultimately determines whether or not - or better still how well - they succeed.

I am of the firm opinion based on the above, that EACH one of us(if s/he were to make conscious effort) can effectively draw upon the knowledge and insight acquired through his/her unique, personal experiences, to teach others how to deal with them successfully, should they encounter something similar.

What I have just stated is the reason why I am convinced we can never have too many motivational speakers in the world. It is not possible to have too many pastors, or preachers or trainers in the world either. I speak with regard to the possibility of a situation arising where you end up with many individuals who do the same thing in exactly the same way EVERY time, so that if you have seen one, you would have seen all the others.

No two motivational speakers can have exactly the same audience appeal, and effect on people when they speak. Think about it. When you hear that Zig Ziglar is going to be speaking at an event you plan to attend, there is a kind of expectation you have compared to what you feel when another speaker's name is mentioned.

Each one of us has a distinguishing trait or quality that sets him apart from others who do what s/he does. Not matter how many stand up comedians perform on one show, each ONE of them will always have at least ONE joke that is different from those told by his/her counterparts. And s/he will also have a peculiar "style of delivery" that is unique to him/her - except of course s/he unwisely chooses to mimic a role model, mentor etc.

If all of the above is true, it then logically follows, that if an individual were to write a (non-fiction) book or article based on his/her area of competence or experience, there is a possibility that a person looking for such information will find it a useful, if not entertaining, read.

It might help to inform (or remind) you, that even Napoleon Hill was initially plagued with self-doubt, when Andrew Carnegie first asked him to write the book(Think And Grow Rich). Hill worried among other things that he was not "qualified" or "competent" enough - at the time - to write it. But thankfully, he eventually brushed those fears aside, and did us all a favour by working hard to write the book that today has changed millions of lives for the better.

No One Needs A Teaching Certificate Or University Degree To Share His/Her Experience-Based Knowledge With Others Who Need It

I am yet to learn of a situation where a person who - through great will power and endurance - survived years of isolation as a prisoner of war was asked to get a writing degree, or teaching certificate before s/he could write a book or speak to audiences in seminars about (a) what it feels like and (b) how to survive under such situations.

At the least, if you feel you cannot write it yourself, engage the services of a freelance professional, who will work with you to produce a worthwhile summary of your experiences in your chosen area of interest or competence. Ultimately however, developing your writing skills would not be a bad idea, as it would enable you do more spontaneous writing than you could if someone was taking notes from you.

You Can Write While Still In The Process Of Acquiring The Experience(s)

Incidentally we need not wait until we have succeeded in achieving the goal we pursue before we write for others to learn from us. For instance a person who never won the gold at the olympics or indeed, who never made it to the finals of the Olympic 100m finals could use THAT thought to motivate him/herself to draw from his/her "failures" and coach a younger athlete with potential to win the gold.

Taking this further, a person who has "failed" in a bid to achieve a goal could, with a positive mental attitude, articulate a set of learning points about what caused him/her to fail, and use them to teach others(one-on-one or through a book or article) about what to do to increase their chances of success.

You do NOT need to wait till you become the Managing Director of the company you work for, before you begin to share the useful learnings about how to pursue career advancement in a corporate organisation, that you pick up along the way. This is because while you are BUSY "climbing", others coming after you will be in the process of taking the decision to START "climbing", and compared to you, will be LESS experienced or knowledgeable about what to expect. Many of them are likely to appreciate hearing from you, up front, some hints about what they will face during their journey, and how you dealt with the challenges that cropped up, plus what you think THEY can do to make good progress.

In my case, I am sharing insights gained from my experiences as an entrepreneur, through writing articles and books, and in daily interactions. I implore you to begin documenting as much of your own experiences as possible. This way, you can also become equipped over time, to share useful learning with others, and make their journey less difficult.

No one person has the duty of teaching others about how to succeed in life. Every one of us can teach what s/he knows to those who need to know it by writing about it. The best part is that once you've written it, you will not need to write it again. All those who want it will only then have to go to the bookstore or website where it is available and get their copy.

I Found Supporting Evidence That "You Need To Write", In Dr. Spencer Johnson's Book: "Who Moved My Cheese"!

Who better to tell you what it feels like(or takes) to survive as a start-up entrepreneur, if not someone currently in the struggle - or recently out of it? If you wanted to get an authentic update on the socioeconomic situation in Nigeria, would you ask your "Professor Uncle" who travels once-a-year to Lagos on official visits - or would you ask your Aunt who lives in Lagos, and visits New York on business every other month?

The foregoing is why I chose to write about my experiences early in my entrepreneurial career, and not wait till I get "up to the very top" before doing so. But I got even more convinced that this was the right thing to do, when I read the little book titled "Who moved my cheese?" written by Dr. Spencer Johnson.

The Book's Parable About Hem & Haw(2 little people) As Well As Sniff & Scurry(2 Mice)

The book narrates an engaging parable about 4 characters - Sniff and Scurry (2 Mice) and also Hem and Haw (2 little people). The parable illustrates the various ways different people react to unexpected changes/setbacks that occur in their lives on a daily basis.

In admonishing us(readers) to learn to laugh at ourselves, and the mistakes we make in life, (so as to be able to learn from them and "move on" with our lives), Dr. Johnson uses the analogy of "moving cheese" to illustrate how our circumstances/situations in life will inevitably change. The moral of the parable is that we all need to be prepared for those changes when (not "if") eventually they occur. If we're prepared, and we respond quickly and intelligently to them (instead of protesting and complaining), we will often find that we end up being better off in the long run.

Dr. Johnson takes the reader through a series of scenarios in which the 4 characters employ various methods to deal with the unexpected changes. The 2 little people - Hem and Haw - unlike the mice, had major problems getting over the setback (not surprising is it? A typical human reaction!) and moving on with their lives. Hem in particular remained adamant that it was "unfair" for the cheese to have been moved - and prevailed on Haw(who over time became more disposed to trying to find a way out of the fix they were in) to stay with him till things "returned to normal", or "someone gave them an explanation" for moving their cheese.

Remember! It's a parable, and if you think back to our lives as humans, you should't have much problems recalling those occasions when you've been a complainer. Sometime in the past(or possibly even now) you may have been just like Hem - who never saw any good in a change that affected you(in your opinion) "negatively". An example of such a change is a lateral movement from your job to another seemingly less glamorous one in your company.

Lest I reproduce the entire book here, I will get straight to the point I wish to make. At a point, Haw decided that since the mice had taken off in search of another cheese almost immediately the initial cheese had moved, he would do the same. So, he left Hem, (after trying without success to get him to go along), sitting and complaining, and began his search.

"Haw" Starts Writing To Share What He Learns BEFORE He achieves Success

As he journeyed, he made a lot of new discoveries, gaining new and fresh insights that excited him a great deal. In fact, he found the learnings he picked up while trying to find new cheese so profound that he decided to write each learning on the wall(in form of a short phrase). This was so that anyone who was coming along after him, would benefit from the knowledge he had discovered.

Examples of the phrases he wrote are: "If you do not change, you can become extinct"; "When you move beyond your fear, you feel free"; and "Imagining myself enjoying new cheese even before I find it, leads me to it".

I have chosen to adopt the method used by Haw, by writing to share my experiences so far, for the benefit of others who might wish to also go into entrepreneuring. Even before he found new cheese, Haw began to share the little knowledge he was picking up along the way/during the journey. He felt (quite rightly too) that there was no point waiting till he got to the "end" of his journey, and found new cheese, before he shared the little he already knew. This was because he recognised that he was experiencing useful - though sometimes painful - lessons that could benefit others tremendously, if they knew them before facing similar challenges.

Summary

I personally believe that it takes strength of character - and tremendous self belief - to repeatedly make out time to share painful lessons learnt(through writing, and/or speaking), in the pursuit of a challenging goal(s), especially while still working to achieve it(them).

Another lesson we can take away from Dr. Johnson's book, is that we can each move our own cheese(become "masters of our fate"), instead of waiting for others to do it for us. Nearly five years ago, I chose to move mine by leaving the comfort of what should have been a comfortable job in a corporate organisation, to follow my longstanding vision of running my own businesses. I also decided that I wanted to spend much of my time, sharing with others about how to do the things I have achieved in various areas of my past, present and future endeavours.

We need to share information/knowledge and discoveries about life, and how to live it better, with each other. We need to do so regularly, and with plenty of excitement and passion. Our actions in this regard must be borne out of a genuine desire to enrich the lives of others, and help them get ahead like we are doing.

The result would be a society in which mutually beneficial exchange of information takes place among people in a way that enhances social development, making life more fulfilling for every member. A society where this happens continually, and spontaneously, would be a very successful one. Many developed countries are already on the path toward attaining this futuristic state.

Developing countries which desire to achieve similar progress, will need to challenge MANY MORE of their members to write MORE OFTEN(give more public speeches, seminars, practical workshops, coaching programs) based on authentic experiences they have had, that would empower others to succeed in pursuit of their life goals.

Writing is a powerful way to communicate useful knowledge acquired through years of experience and sometimes painful effort by the writer, to others. Any society that wishes to develop fully, in all aspects of the life of its people MUST encourage her members to write - and read - as frequently as possible(especially non-fiction). You can play a role today in the development of your own society, by deciding to go out and acquire qualitative experiences in the pursuit of challenging, worthwhile goals, and then writing to share what you learn with others.




Self-Development/Performance Enhancement Specialist ? Tayo Solagbade - works as a Multipreneur, helping individuals/businesses develop and implement strategies to achieve their goals, faster and more profitably.

To get more useful Tips, Information And News that can help you do what you do more successfully, visit http://www.spontaneousdevelopment.com/news/sdacn_current.htm to subscribe to Tayo's "Five(5) Minute Read" Performance Enhancement Newsletter.




Sunday 15 July 2012

Colored Pencil as an Artistic Medium


You've seen oil and acrylic paintings, you love the glow of watercolor, but are you familiar with the versatile and striking medium called colored pencil? Colored pencil works of art require no elaborate preparation and need only simple materials: pencils, sharpeners, erasers and paper, to achieve some wonderful and striking results of the artist's own personal expression. This artistic medium can stand on its own as a drawing or simulate the look of a painting rendered in another medium. It can be solid or airy depending on how the pencil is applied to the paper and whether it is a quick colorful sketch or an elaborate illustration. Since colored pencil is a dry, transparent medium, colors are mixed right on the paper by layering one color on top of another. The more layers applied; the more luminous and vibrant the drawing will look as the colors are woven together.

The type of paper used will give a drawing certain characteristics too. A smooth surface will create a soft look and even, uninterrupted flow of the pencil. Textured paper, which is paper with a tooth or a grain, can give the drawing a completely different look. The texture created by paper and pencil as they mingle will enhance the artwork. Many artists work on colored paper which adds flecks of color to the drawing as it shows through from the background. Thus, the drawing takes on a harmonious quality.

Of course pencil isn't always used by itself, it can be combined with other mediums such as watercolor, pastel or ink. The different types of mediums can enrich a drawing and provide it with different qualities or characteristics as well as textures. Many artists use watercolor washes as backgrounds for their drawings or add touches of paints or pastels to enrich an image. The waxy lead of colored pencils can also be dissolved with mineral spirits and brushed onto the paper creating a paint-like quality very different from traditional methods of drawing.

What about lightfastness? Will the colors be resistant to light and not fade through the years? Colored pencil manufacturing companies have worked very hard in the past decade to development of a standard of lightfastness for many brands of colored pencils. Colored pencil now ranks high in longevity and this enables artists to choose the highest quality products which is a valuable asset for the collector of the art. The surface in which the artwork is drawn on is important too. Archival drawing papers and boards are made of fiber such as cotton or linen and are acid free, meaning that they will not turn yellow in time. There are other materials that will ensure the longevity of a colored pencil piece. Spraying a UV resistant clear fixative over the finished drawing will ensure the longevity of the artwork as well as framing it under UV filtering glass. Public awareness of archival and lightfast works will increase the value and profitability of the art.

Inspired and intrigued by this medium? Whether it is mixed, blended, layered or combined, many results can be achieved from photo-realism to abstract to illustration. Colored pencil can be used very skillfully to wow the viewer with a vibrant drawing or tranquil image.




Born in Glastonbury, Connecticut, Kendra moved to Rhode Island with her family as a teen. She was immediately drawn to the beauty of the ocean and shoreline throughout the state. Currently she lives in Portsmouth, just outside of Newport, with her husband and three sons.

A graduate of Massachusetts College of Art with a Bachelor Degree in Fine Arts, Kendra was first attracted to graphic design and worked at a newspaper and later a printing company for several years. In 1996, Kendra chose to pursue her art full time and also to be home with her sons as they grew. She currently teaches watercolor and colored pencil classes at local art associations and continues to take art classes and workshops herself in order to grow as an artist. Her exhibits her works in local art galleries as well as Lori J Online Art Gallery [http://www.lorijgallery.com]. To see pictures of her latest creations please Click Here [http://www.lorijgallery.com/Kendra_Bidwell_Ferreira_s/87.htm].




Tagging Dialogue - It's a Matter of "He Said, She Said"


Before we talk shop about the best way to tag dialogue, permit me to illustrate the wrong way. Let's bring some nursery rhyme characters to life for this, since they aren't around to get offended:

The lamb, always sure to be where Mary was, watched Mary shellac her hair in place.

"Mary, you're a scream," the lamb chortled. "The aerosol helmet look went out in the 80s."

"Oh, Petal," Mary gushed, "you say the funniest things. I figured you were a dumb sheep until you started talking one day. Who knew?"

"That's just it, you don't know much about me," Petal announced dejectedly. "Do you realize that I have not been a lamb for eons, Mary? A lamb is a sheep under a year old. Not a whole 'nother species."

Mary coughed and tried to wave away the misty cloud of spray that hovered near her face. "Uh-huh. Interesting, Petal," she wheezed.

"This is a good time to bring something up," Petal broached warily, brushing a piece of lint off his haunch. "I think it's time we...you know...went our own ways."

"What?" she exclaimed with disbelief.

"You heard me," Petal continued seriously. "You know that kid in your Trig class, the one with the ripped knees in his jeans and the skull patches on his denim jacket? I plan to follow him home today."

"Dylan?" Mary shrieked, cackling. "He's a hunter, Pet. He shoots things for fun."

"Maybe so," the lamb acquiesced solemnly. "But at least he'd name me something with a little more oomph than 'Petal,' for crying out loud."

"What's wrong with Petal?" Mary echoed shrilly. "It's better than 'Snowflake,'" she growled. "How many options do you think the 'fleece was white as snow' gives me?"

"Not cool for a dude, Mare. Not virile," the lamb proclaimed with dignity, puffing up his chest. He saw her broken face, softened, and went on. "Look, we had some fun, kiddo," he said gently, "memories of the heart." He pressed his hoof to his chest and closed his eyes.

"But I'll miss you so much," Mary sobbed sorrowfully. "Your kooky ears with the pink insides, your funny little bleating when you get hungry, your smell like dryer sheets and straw and -- "

Okay, okay. You get the idea.

So, what's wrong with it? Other than there isn't much of market for talking farm animals (unless you're writing for kids, and even then it's a tough sell); other than it upsets our notions about the docile, one-woman lamb and the autonomous Mary; other than the fact that it's impossible to speak and cackle or speak and sob at exactly the same time. Yes, the dialogue tags -- they're so thick and dramatic and distracting that they compete with the dialogue itself, nearly eclipsing the things the characters say.

Remember -- dialogue tags have one function and one function only: to help the reader identify who's speaking at any given time, and only when that clue is necessary.

The dialogue tags in the above example violate the rules of good writing on a few different levels:

Outlandish verbs.

It's true that ultra-specific, electric verbs are usually far better than weak, wall-flower ones. But not in dialogue. Notice how your attention was pulled toward those dense, overly dramatic verbs instead of on the speech that preceded them. Also, the tags are heavy with adverbs. We all should limit our use of adverbs, since -- in excess -- they clutter and confuse prose.

Overkill.

There are too many dialogue tags in general. When the particulars of a character's speech make it clear who is speaking, just cut the tag altogether. We know that Mary and Petal are the only players in the scene, so if a sentence begins "Mary," we assume Petal has the floor. We don't need to have the characters' interactions slowed down by being reminded the lamb (sorry...sheep) is speaking. We already know that. (And this also falls under the sound advice to trust your readers.)

For heaven's sake, can't they just SAY something?

Another way the dialogue tags fail in the above example is by avoiding the powerful simplicity of SAID. Because readers are so used to seeing "said," the word blends into the background; although the brain acknowledges it, it's only a brief blip on the screen of awareness. The eye skims over it and moves on to the next detail. It's as close to seamless as we can get in the world of character-speak. And that means using "said" or "says" instead of clunky adverbs leaves more room in our awareness to focus on the nuances of the dialogue itself.

This doesn't mean that you can never have your characters shriek or announce or proclaim. (But please don't have them growl. Humans really don't growl.) It just means that they should simply "say" things more regularly than they declare them (or exclaim them or snap them). Create dialogue that itself sets a mood and reveals character intention; what's inside the quotation marks should do that more often, not what's adjacent.

The author's hand is too heavy.

When we read, we want to lose ourselves in the story and forget about the author. With so much bric-a-brac cluttering the dialogue above, we're constantly reminded that the author set it all up. The best dialogue puts the power in the characters' mouths and lets the author slink backstage.

When we see the characters clearly and vividly, we tend to forget about the author, a delicious amnesia that perpetuates the illusion that what we're reading is actually happening as we visualize it. So the most effective dialogue is interspersed with specific visual descriptions of the scene at hand, things that the characters are doing while they speak, things that help us see while we hear. Even the best dialogue will become monotonous and plodding if it marches on alone page after page. Be sure to break yours up with bits of relevant, interesting narrative.

Ask yourself:

Is your dialogue itself as specific and fresh as it can be?

If you want your characters to speak emphatically, are you lending them emphatic words, or are you trying to emphasize the dialogue tag instead?

Have you deliberately shaped your characters' speech so that it reveals something about their motives and the story in general? Or is the dialogue the take-it-or-leave it variety, the sort that really doesn't say anything at all if you lift it out of the story?

Are your characters speaking in a vivid way, or are they puppets hooked to strings of adjectives and adverbs?

Do all your characters sound alike, or have you given them subtle differences the reader can hear (but aren't distracted or confused by)?

Now revisit Mary and Petal and delete any unnecessary dialogue tags (but leave in details that show what the two are doing in time and space). Tone down the tags that need to remain by erasing adverbs and substituting over-the-top verbs for the quiet helpfulness of "said."

When it's important to see what a character is doing, dramatize behaviors, mannerisms and gestures -- not the words that were already spoken, since those should resonate on their own. Challenge yourself to write dialogue that speaks for itself (along with a little help from good old "said").




Lucia Zimmitti is a writing coach and independent editor who publishes "Write Through It," a free e-newsletter that offers tips on writing more clearly and effectively as well as ways to manage the inevitable frustrations that go along with getting your ideas on paper. To sign up for this free, monthly newsletter, visit http://ManuscriptRx.com.

Lucia is a member of the Society of Children's Writers and Illustrators and the Editorial Freelancers Association. Her fiction and poetry have been published in various national literary journals, and she has taught writing at the high school and college levels.




It's All About Presentation: Lessons from Japan


After my recent trip to Japan, some of the more striking things to me (beyond the cherry blossom trees) about the Japanese culture are their etiquette, respect, and overall visual presentation. I've always been an admirer of Japanese art- from calligraphy and brush painting to Ikebana, a style of floral arrangement.

In Japan, there is a sense of simplicity and beauty that is expressed visually. This beauty and simplicity also follows through in the politeness and graciousness of the people. There is an overall helpfulness to strangers and foreigners. As a tourist, if you stand around looking confused (maybe holding a map), in a short while someone will come up to you and ask you if you need help.

I suggest that as presenters we take a few lessons from Japanese culture. Here are eight ideas to consider:

1. Politeness - Use business and professional etiquette. Thank people for giving you their time and attention by attending your presentation or meeting.

2. Simplicity - Be clear and concise. Have a clear objective for your presentation or meeting. Stay on topic throughout your presentation. Don't give people too much information. In Ikebana, floral arrangements are usually constructed with 3 main elements. Likewise, in your presentation - 3 main points or topics work well. Too much information leads to information overload, glazed over eyes and sometimes even snoring.

3. Respect - If you are giving presentations outside of your home country, take the time to learn some of the cultural norms and a few words and phrases. At the least, you won't do anything considered offensive and ideally, you will show respect to your audiences.

4. Be a gracious host - Arrive early so that you can welcome people to your presentation or meeting and introduce yourself (if you don't know people). If people do not know each other, facilitate introductions. Create a warm and welcoming atmosphere and make sure that the room is set up comfortably.

5. Quality - Japanese cars, trains, subways, electronics, and even toilets employ efficiency and features that American companies haven't yet manufactured. The bullet train has been in operation since 1964 and carries millions of people on time each day, at peak times every 10 minutes, and it has never had a fatal accident. Quality includes paying attention to the details - no matter how small. We've all heard the phrase that God or the devil is in the details. Either way you look at it, the details are important.

Here are some presentation details to consider.

o Is your presentation of professional quality?

o Do you come across as a professional?

o Are you articulate and credible?

o Are your written materials grammatically accurate and typo free?

Suggestions to help improve the quality of your presentations.

o Have your presentation materials proofread by someone else. It is nearly impossible to accurately proofread your own documents. Your brain knows what you intended to write and will see that instead of what is actually on the page. Spell check is not enough.

o Pay special attention to your appearance and grooming. For important presentations be at least one step up of business attire than your audience. 1st impressions are important and tend to stick.

6. Beauty - How many PowerPoint presentations have you seen that are beautiful? I imagine, not many. Be different than everyone else - use photographs and illustrations where you can. Don't use just text on your slides. Choose colors that are pleasing to the eye - be creative and have fun bringing a presentation to life with beautiful images.

7. Storytelling - History is passed down through the generations by stories in Japan as it is in many cultures. People remember stories better than facts as stories engage the senses and emotions. Use stories to illustrate your important points. Use stories to connect with your audience and be memorable.

8. Celebration- One of the truly fascinating things about Japanese culture is that people do not usually express emotions outwardly during the work day. However, the evening time is a different story! After working a long day - it's typical to see a group of office workers out in the bars and restaurants having a really good time. They are often loud, rowdy, and completely different than their daytime demeanor. I think that both the camaraderie and the celebration are important to keep people motivated and engaged.

I hope that you find these presentation ideas helpful and if you have a chance, you can spend some time in Japan. It is a beautiful country - with courteous and kind people who enjoy hosting guests.

If you'd like to see what Japan looks like in the cherry blossom season, here is a link to some of my trip pictures that you can view as a slideshow: http://homepage.mac.com/gklamt99/Japantour/PhotoAlbum16.html




Dana Bristol-Smith is the founder of Speak for Success, an organization that works with companies that want their people to communicate with confidence and credibility. You can reach Dana at: dana@speakforsuccess.net or by phone at 760-726-5272. To sign up for the free monthly Speak for Success Ezine please visit: http://www.speakforsuccess.net/subscribe.htm




Bulldogs - A Guide to the Breed


The term "bulldog" was first used around 1568 and might have been applied to various ancestors of modern bulldog breeds. The ancestors of the Bulldog were the ancient breed called Bullenbeissers. These were a Mastiff-like dog used for guarding and attacking wild animals in Greece, Egypt and Rome. These dogs came in various sizes and were used by Teutonic and Celtic tribes. In England the originally large Bullenbeisser were bred smaller around the 13th century to begin a career as bull baiters.

Over the years this breed was perfected to become the ideal bull baiter, it was incredibly tenacious and impervious to pain. Also the bulldog's weight is primarily in its head so that when the bull shock the dog was less likely to break its back. In 1875 The Bulldog Club was formed in England and the members of the club met regularly at the Blue Post Pub on Oxford Street, London. They wrote the first standards for perfection in the breed. Fortunately Bull baiting and dog fighting were banned in England in 1935, so from then on breeders began some selective breeding to eliminate some of the aggressive nature of the breed and produce dogs that were more good-natured pets.

Bulldogs are still often determined, stubborn and difficult to train but they are intelligent, devoted and amusing. A firm handler is required to train Bulldog but as they are very sensitive to the voice so will not react well to be shouted and screamed at. In fact it is more likely to go and curl up in a comfortable spot and ignore the owner completely.

The bulldog's compact, stocky body results in particularly unique and recognisable gait. They are also well known for their short muzzles and saggy skin on their faces creating the trademark frown. They come in a variety of colours and have a smooth short coat; a typical weight for a fully grown male is around 25 kilos. The bulldog has an unmatchable temperament and is an excellent family dog that will get on with children and other pets. The breed is a little too friendly to be a good guard dog but can defend a family member in need.

As with most pure breed dogs the Bulldog is prone to some health problems. Some have breathing issues due to the shape of the lower jaw and shortness of muzzle, this usually make them snore. They can suffer from cysts between the toes, these cause discomfort be can be treated by a vet, and in older bulldogs hip issues sometime occur. It is important to clean a Bulldogs face fold daily to avoid infection due to moisture accumulation and regular brushing of teeth with a soft human toothbrush is recommended.

As with all dogs, bulldogs need regular exercise to keep their weight down and reduce the chances of health problems related to the lungs and heart. The breed is also very sensitive to heat and great care should be taken of them during warm periods making sure shade and water is always available.

Due to their famous strength and tenacity, Bulldogs have been adopted as the mascots of many sports teams and universities. They have also appeared in many TV shows, cartoons and movies. Some examples of famous Bulldog characters are:


Spike the Bulldog and Butch the Bulldog are animated cartoon characters in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes Merry Melodies and Disney cartoons. Spike is also the name of Tom's nemesis in Tom and Jerry. In this series, Spike was often accompanied by a puppy, his son Tyke
Butch is Droopy Dog's nemesis in the theatrical Droopy Dog cartoons.
Uga V was a University of Georgia mascot and the first live college mascot to be featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine (April 28, 1997) and was named College Mascot of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine. Uga V also earned a co-starring role in the feature film Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, directed by Clint Eastwood. Uga V also gained notoriety in the media when during a football game on November 16, 1996 he lunged at an Auburn University receiver in an apparent attempt to bite the rival player and bring him down. Uga V, March 6, 1990 to November 22, 1999, was buried in Sanford Stadium with the epitaph "Defender of his Turf."
Handsome Dan, a bulldog, is the athletics mascot at Yale University.
Winston, who Davey Boy Smith often brought to the ring during part of his singles career in the World Wrestling Federation.
Meatball and Matzohball, are Bulldogs owner by Adam Sandler
"Mr. Beefy" from 'Little Nicky' movie
The movie Van Wilder features a well-endowed bulldog




Steve Batchelor is a dog lover and the webmaster at www.dogbreedguides.com [http://www.dogbreedguides.com] where you can find some great information on many different dog breeds. He also recommends [http://www.infogoldmine.info] for more info on dog training, obedience, health care and many other subjects.




Saturday 14 July 2012

Betrayed By Love Part Two


Finding the right person to share your life with is like searching the ocean floor until you find a clam that shelters a priceless pearl. It is so prefect that you take it to a jeweler and you place it in a beautiful ring setting so you can show it off to everyone you know. Every time you glance down at the pearl you are inspired by its brilliance and it inflames your heart with love.

This is the reason that it hurts so much when you are betrayed by love. It was as if the pearl that was so valuable fell out of it's setting and was lost to you forever. But it was worse than that for me, because I was not lost. The person I loved just discarded me, she cut me off without a word and left me bewildered as to why. I believe one reason she tossed me aside was because our relationship would have caused a change that her family would not have liked.

She confided to me that her son forbid her to ever have anything to do with me! I was surprised, but I just brushed it off believing that her son would eventually get used to us being together. It is true I had no relationship with him after we parted, but it was her decision to cut him off from me.

We had previously spent seventeen years together and I had been her son's other parent from the age of four. I still loved him and I still thought of him as my child. I always prayed for him and his own young son, just like my own three children, whether his mother and I were together or not.

I really didn't understand why her family was a problem. When we were together there never was a good relationship with her father or her grandparents. So why would this time be any different.

Things were totally opposite with my own children. They were very open to the possibility of us getting back together. They all stated emphatically that they wanted me to be happy and they would accept any decision I made. Even though they knew it would mean I wouldn't have as much time for them.

I listened to everything she had to say about how hard her coming back to me would be. I once again asked her if she was sure and she said that she was. I believed she truly was done with her current relationship and that in time her family would accept us being together.

Love shared with another person is the most valuable thing a person can have to sustain life. When love is in place then you feel secure and safe, because you know the other person has your back.

True love makes you willing to give up your life for the other person. You happily make sacrifices because the love you feel is worth more than all the money in the world.

It was an easy thing for me to not even question that she was using me for money. I believed her when she said she was behind on her bills and she needed money for food. I believed her when she said she loved me and that she and I would be together again soon.

True love is the reason why couples can face all forms of disasters. Love gives them the strength to stand by their children when they are addicted to drugs or alcohol. Love gives them the ability to face the loss of a child or to handle the affects of a natural disaster that takes everything they own. Love makes a couple strong!

This is the reason people say it is better to love than to never have loved. Human love is wonderful, but real love is to understand that when it fails, God's love is everlasting!

I accepted Jesus Christ as my Savior when I was seven years old. I didn't understand what an important decision that was for me until I began to experience all the pain the world can throw at a person. I didn't understand how much I would need Jesus to be my Savior!

I didn't understand how much I needed a God that had supernatural powers. I only began to understand how much I needed a Savior when my world came crashing down around me.

My human weaknesses wanted me to give up and believe that I had no hope! My inability to hold onto love made me want to quit life and cut myself off from all human beings. I wanted to protect myself from ever being hurt again and death seemed like a wonderful option.

This is when I needed a Savior! This is when I needed Jesus Christ to give me the strength to take one day at a time. This is when I believed that I could have a future that is better than the betrayal I found from the person I loved.

Falling back onto my faith in God I sought Him to explain why I had to suffer for love. I believed that God was giving her back to me. Yet here I was alone.

When Adam and Eve ate the apple, they changed our world. Their desire to be like God brought all mankind to the valley of decision. A decision where we would be presented with choices. The Bible describes these choices as tests. The ultimate goal of the test is to get us to understand the difference between good and evil. Differences that would lead us to understand why love is God, while hate is Satan. God also refers to this as overcoming sin. This is illustrated in the example given to us when Cain kills his brother Abel.

Genesis 4: 6&7, "Then the Lord said to Cain, 'Why are you angry? Why that scowl on your face? If you had done the right thing, you would be smiling; but because you have done evil, sin is crouching at your door. It wants to rule you, but you must overcome it.'"

The illustration of Cain and Abel shows us how freewill works in our lives. Our own will determines which path we take. One path leads to the reward of Heaven and unconditional love and the other to losing our game of life to evil and being destroyed by the tests we face.

This is the reason why those who don't have the saving power of Jesus Christ, commit suicide or get lost in a drug addiction. They can't stand up to the betrayals of life, so they give up. This is the reason why people commit crimes against each other by taking money under false pretenses. They do this because they choose to take care of themselves and they don't think of how it hurts another person.

Being betrayed by love doesn't make your heart stop loving the person. You still love and knowing how the game of life works makes you look at the betrayal differently. You are afraid for the person who caused you harm. Because you know that what she did to you was wrong.

When Jesus walked the earth He brought an entirely different message. His words changed how people reacted to those who hurt them. These words brought a kinder and gentler way of handling the problems we will face in the world with love.

Mark 12:31a, "The second most important commandment is this: 'Love your neighbor as you love yourself.'"

John 15: 12&13, "My commandment is this; love one another, just as I love you. The greatest love a person can have for his friends is to give his life for them."

Matthew 6:14&15, "If you forgive others the wrongs they have done to you, your Father in heaven will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive others, then your Father will not forgive the wrongs you have done."

We are to love regardless of what happens to us. We are to forgive because when we harbor the grief we feel, then it can pull us down and make us hate. And hate is the opposite of love. To hate is to sin and that makes us just as susceptible to evil as the person who hurt us.

Matthew 6: 24, "No one can be a slave of two masters; he will hate one and love the other; he will be loyal to one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money."

When she took money from me, I truly believed that she did have real financial needs. I do not love money, I use money to live and to help others.

I tell the story of my betrayal not to get back at the person who did this to me, because I will always love her. Rather I tell it so the betrayals that you suffer will lead you to forgive and move on with your life.

Jesus Christ is the Savior of the world and He will help you to let go of the pain. Letting go allows God to help you heal. Having faith in a supernatural God helps give you strength and helps you to endure no matter what happens to you in the greatest game ever played, the game of life.




Linda C Dipman author of THE GAME OF LIFE IT'S ALMOST OVER http://outskirtspress.com/gameoflife presents AND HIS LOVE SHONE DOWN my true life story! It describes all the persecutions I endured. It will put you on the edge of your seat as you read each vivid detail. You will feel terror and experience love like nothing you have ever read before. http://lovinghandsministry.com




Airbrush For Art & Design - Tips For Getting Started - Double Action or Single Action


The whole subject of airbrushing for commercial illustration or fine art goes to many lengths, for the novice this can be an overwhelming task. First of all, the artist must have a general idea as to what type of artwork they want to pursue. It is then, the artist can recognize the specific airbrush to use for their application. Additionally, there are so many types of airbrushes out in the market, each designed for a specific type of work. With thorough research, anyone can find and try out any airbrush. But allow me to point to some of the most popular airbrushes out in the market today.

For the beginning fine artist or illustrator, he/she must first know the difference between the single-action and double-action airbrush. Single action airbrushes are crude in versatility, and acts more like a spray paint can. Both the air and paint spray out simultaneously, having very little control over one or the other. The beginner can easily get frustrated at the lack of control, but is the easiest to understand. Secondly, the double-action airbrush user has complete control over the regulation of air or paint. By pressing down on the trigger, air will only come out. As the painter pulls back on the trigger, paint will start to flow in unison with the airflow. Therefore, making finer details and strokes easier. However, the double-action takes time to master. I would usually recommend a double-action as I get satisfying results and I get more out of my artwork.

There are a great deal of inexpensive airbrushes available. Companies such as Paasche, Badger, Aztek, and Iwata make fine brushes at a great price. Badger's 150 series airbrush can be used for many different applications and is great for the beginner. Complete kits are available at art supply stores. Another great beginner airbrush and one that I truly recommend is the Iwata Eclipse series. A japanese designed airbrush in a stunning built chrome design, it is one I use frequently and it just feels great in my hands. Those two examples are double-action use, and most brands have a beginners kit to get started.

Just like an automobile, artists have to maintain and keep their airbrushes in great working condition. So it is crucial to clean and test the airbrush after every project, so this way there won't be a need to replace vital parts. This can get expensive in the long run, so save the money and take the time to do this task. With these couple of beginners tips, airbrushing can be a fulfilling hobby, one that can be fun and profitable with the right marketing.




If you enjoyed this article, please feel free to get more tips and advice on art/airbrushing at my website: [http://kookoox10airbrushstudios.blogspot.com/]

Shaun Davidson-Automotive and Finance Consultant-2008




Arts and Crafts - Top Rated Arts & Crafts For Kids


Here are some top rated Arts & Crafts for kids. Other consumers like yourself have rated all of these Arts and Crafts excellent.

1. IlluStory - Make Your Own Story Kit.


Price: $21.95
Product Description: "Write and illustrate your own book. Imagine your child's face when she or he sees their own story and drawings made into a professionally typeset, hardbound book! With this multi - award winning kit, you simply have your child write and illustrate their story using the materials supplied in the kit, which are then mailed in (in the pre-paid envelope provided) for publication. You'll soon receive a beautiful, professionally typset, 12 page, 7" x 9" hardcover book, complete with an "about the author page", title and dedication pages and your little author's name, title and drawing laminated on the cover. Extras books are optional and make great gifts for grandparents. Winner of Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Gold Seal Award, Parents' Choice Classic Award, Family Life's Best Learning Toy Award and Dr. Toy Best Toy-Classic Award."
Recommended Age: 7-12 years (manufacturer's). We recommend 6-9 years

2. Melissa and Doug Deluxe Stamp Set


Price: $14.99
Product Description: "Kids can use the 16 playful stamps and 2 inkpads to create countless scenes, and then color in their pictures with the 7 colored pencils! Well-crafted set is conveniently contained in a sturdy wooden box with clear sliding lid. It's a tremendous value that children will use over and over again! Ages 3+. 11" x 8" x 2"."
Recommended Age: 4-8 years

3. Crayola Super Art Coloring Kit


Price: $39.97
Product Description: "The Super Art Chest is a dream come true for most kids, not to mention parents and teachers. A sturdy plastic reusable tub houses everyone's favorite art supplies: Crayons (48), character-topped sidewalk chalk (6), Super Tip markers (20), Ministamper markers (10), Classic Colors markers (8), assorted Model Magic modeling clay packets and project idea booklet, washable watercolors (8), paint brush, activity and coloring book, and desktop caddy. Bring out the art chest for vacations, waiting rooms, slumber parties, rainy days, and sure, even sunny days. Who can say "I'm booored!" with this tub o' fun around? It's all about good old-fashioned imagination now."
Recommended Age: 4-8 years.




Hope Pope is the Owner of [http://www.top-10-gifts-for-all.com] - a website that includes lists of only gifts that consumers have rated excellent. It's an excellent resource site for when you need a gift for any occasion.




Drawing Conclusions - The Rise Of Drawing In The Contemporary Art Scene


Not so long ago, drawing became the new painting. From small-scale and intimate to wall-sized, highly-worked or resolutely low-fi; whatever its format, the re-appearance of a once side-lined medium marked a dramatic shift in its fortunes and indeed, assumptions about art in general.

But why the change? Was it that, in an art scene increasingly driven by fads, drawing became du jour simply because it hadn't been for a very long time? Or were other, less obvious factors at work?

In fact, the re-emergence of drawing was far from market-driven, and its increase in profile a far slower process than any newly voguish status might suggest.

To understand something of its current impact, it's necessary to look back at the closing years of the 20th century. A time when, to the eyes of many, the art scene looked very different indeed.

Throughout much of the 1990s visual austerity and a certain restraint governed the work of a new wave of artists; many of them British, many high-profile.

Figures such as Darren Almond, Damien Hirst, Martin Creed, Rachel Whiteread and a re-discovered Allan McCollum typified an art scene driven by hands-off, conceptual practice and stringent theoretical undertow.

Even artists whose work, by contrast, seemed more ludic and theatrical - Maurizio Catellan, the Chapman brothers, an ever-enduring Jeff Koons - shared a taste for slick, expensive, mechanized output. And in fact, looking back, there's a certain synchronistic poetry to the fact that Marc Quinn's 'Self' portrait, a principal icon of the era, quite literally froze the blood.

Further tendencies underpinned the general sense of pristine, chilly surface. Graphic design in the late 90s exulted in the hard edges of its newly perfect digital genesis, while on a popular level, serious flirtation with 'minimalism' induced homeowners to replace comfort with pristine surface and spacious void.

Clearly, any attempt to rapidly define a moment in art history is doomed to over-simplification. A vast array of artists stand in lush counterpoint to Hirst's surgically steely cabinets or Whiteread's pale, negative spaces. The work of Peter Doig, Marlene Dumas, Daniel Richter and Jörg Immendorf - to name just a few - all manifest an obvious delight in exuberant mark-making or absorbed, painterly gesture.

Yet it's certainly true that what generally made the headlines - the dissected sheep, the on/off lights, the unmade beds - were essentially 'conceptual' works that side-lined direct artistic intervention. And it's also true that, with the internet truly coming of age in the '90s, such highly publicized aesthetics became instantly and widely accessible for the first time in any history. In the mass public eye, art had gained a hard, new edge.

Yet elsewhere, a wildly contrasting vision was being far less well documented. On America's West Coast, in particular, the long-gestating seeds of a brimming alternative scene were beginning to bear considerable fruit. Its influences were multiple and diverse, yet shared the fact that all lay well outside the contemporary mainstream.

In LA, for example, the 'underground' drawings of Ray Pettibon - linked initially to the rock scene then distributed through short-run zines - had garnered fervent admirers throughout the late '70s & '80s. A major exhibition in 1992 succeeded in raising his profile both throughout the States and abroad.

Yet Pettibon's work was merely the best-known facet of a burgeoning counter-culture. One which, since 1986, had found a major advocate in the now legendary La Luz De Jesus gallery in downtown LA.

This space, located incongruously above an offbeat gift store, focused entirely on artists whose backgrounds and influences sprang from an array of popular cultures such as illustration, folk art, comics and tattooing. And this output, crucially, tended towards an intricate figurative craftsmanship more closely associated at the time with illustration than so-called 'fine' art.

The gallery and its stable of artists proved a speedy and influential local success, and in 1994, Juxtapoz, a magazine founded by Robert Williams (himself an artist and friend of famed underground artist Robert Crumb) also began to showcase this growing wave of alternative art.

Utterly at odds with the rarefied, theory-led aesthetic dominating contemporary practice at the time, this new sensibility came to be regarded as a movement. Its roots and position were defined by not just one label, but two: Low-Brow, or Pop Surrealism.

Resolutely populist - bordering, even, on kitsch - its appropriation of popular style and content within a fine art context questioned long-held assumptions regarding the parameters of art itself. Revisiting the earliest tenets of Pop Art, it nevertheless totally dismissed that movement's later associations with Warholian mass production.

And in San Francisco, too, similar trends were at work.

In the 1990s a group of artists including Chris Johansen, Clare E Rojas and Barry McGee emerged to form a distinctive new scene. Their work, though sharing much with the Low-Brow phenomenon, differed in several important respects and became known as the 'Mission School' in recognition of its essentially San Franciscan flavor.

Local influences contributed to a more whimsical, looser approach to image-making than LA tendencies at the time. Street art such as graffiti formed an intrinsic part of the scene, but was generally refined into a figurative rather than textual medium. The legacy of underground comics pioneered by the likes of Robert Crumb was also evident in cartoon-like characterization and a witty, humorous edge.

More importantly still, while painting lay at the heart of the Low-Brow movement, drawing was much more widely adopted by the Mission School artists.

In a nod to the hand-drawn agitprop and pyschedelia of '60s Haight-Ashbury, they revived techniques such as detailed patterning, hand-lettering and découpage. Materials, too, were frequently unconventional; ball-point pens, markers, recycled paper, wood or metal all found a part in the Mission School look.

This 'regional' distinction was clearly underlined in publicity for a 2000 show at LA's New Image Gallery:

SAN FRANCISCO DRAWING SHOW curated by: Alicia McCarthy and Chris Johanson. May 19 - June 17, 2000.

Straight out of San Francisco, drawings of over 15 artists will be exhibited .... Currently there are important artistic trends developing out of San Francisco. Drawing is at the root of this development.

Meanwhile, however, America's East Coast found itself forced (for once) to gradually acknowledge a nexus of creativity occurring elsewhere. While many commentators, curators and gallerists became increasingly aware that some kind of real cultural shift was taking place, others seemed slow or simply unwilling to recognize its impact or legitimacy.

Yet the growing appeal of Low-Brow and related work - especially amongst a generation of new and emerging artists - was undeniable. New galleries opened to deal exclusively in the genre, and Juxtapoz, along with many of its featured artists, began to acquire a cult following. Its international distribution and the broad reach of the internet helped ensure that this new sensibility filtered beyond the US.

The 'unofficial' Californian scene gathering pace in the '90s was intrinsically linked to a rejection of prevailing artistic practice - the notion, as Fred Tomaselli later put it, "...that people are a bit tired of the over-rationalism (sic) of the art world, this idea that you can get to everything through the cerebral."

Yet its ethos was otherwise hugely democratic and unifying, a statement of validity for neglected or side-lined art. There can be little doubt that its emergence provided an impetus behind the current interest in drawing.

But this interest - and with it, the resurgence of a particular kind of artistic engagement - was not, of course, solely confined to America's West Coast.

Elsewhere in the States, Laylah Ali's first major show of meticulously patterned, faux-naif works took place at Chicago's MOCA in 1999 (she had been featured, along with Chris Johansen, at New York's Drawing Center in the summer of 1998).

Julie Mehretu, likewise emerging towards the end of the '90s, fused painting with drawing in a myriad of complex mark-making, while Canada's Royal Art Lodge, formed in 1996, produced whimsical drawings, paintings and objects reminiscent of the Mission School's output.

In Europe, similar trends were also underway. As the 20th century drew to its close, Sweden's Jockum Nordstrüm was gaining recognition for his beautifully rendered, twisted tableaux of far from ordinary life. Switzerland's Marc Bauer produced vigorous drawings that exemplified the medium's strength, and in Britain the hand-drawn zine was adopted by Olivia Plender, albeit in a highly polished form.

While drawing, obviously, had never disappeared entirely from the gallery, these artists represent just a few of those contributing to its rapidly growing visibility towards the end of the '90s. A resurgence now so evident that, though prompted by certain definable factors, it nevertheless seems organic, almost essential; a phenomenon that quite possibly identifies as well as answers very current needs amongst today's young artists.

And what are they?

Well to start with, drawing is cheap. For those struggling with the high costs of studio space and materials, it's a medium that's financially viable as well as a manageable means of production.

What's more, it's hugely inclusive. Everyone, at some point, has experienced the act of drawing at some level, a participation which affords even the most casual observer a sense of involvement in the medium; a visceral engagement in its use that conceptual art forms often lack.

Yet despite this refreshingly egalitarian glow, it also appears that much of today's output seems directed towards highly individual, even arcane expression, a practice exemplified by intricate, almost obsessive mark-making.

On the one hand, this wholly supports an ethos by which today's artists seem to demand an intimate, personal and evident engagement with their art.

Painstaking detail and labor-intensive mark-making represent artistic endeavor for which the artist alone is responsible. No third-party construction teams, no assistants on hand to dab a brush as directed. This art is about making in the purest possible sense.

A parallel explosion in use of craft elements - beading, glittering, collage, embroidery - as well as the growing popularity of zines and artists' books - mirrors this quest for hands-on, highly personalized involvement.

Yet more intriguingly, demands for creative ownership may well serve needs besides a revision of artistic involvement.

Art, of course, has always been about reflecting and interpreting the world, but the early 21st century seems to have experienced a particularly profound re-appraisal of exactly what the world involves. The outlook is an uneasy one, marked by a growing sense of schism and dislocation, and in particular, the notion of circumstance veering out of control.

To return briefly to Pop Surrealism, true to its 'surrealist' label the movement is marked by subversion of apparent reality. Typically, this takes on disturbing, anxiety-ridden form; bio-morphed figures inhabit scenarios laden with threat; an undertow of violence is darkly enhanced by imagery plucked from childhood.

And importantly, unlike Surrealism, which investigates the interior spaces of the human psyche, Pop Surrealism obliquely focuses on physical, actual realities. Those genetic hybrids, ruined landscapes and constant simmer of threat don't merely exist in our nightmares. They're with us now.

The movement itself may have had its day as far as the art market is concerned, but the zeitgeist it portrays is clearly here to stay.

Consider, for a moment, Jean Dubuffet's famous description of L'Art Brut

"Those works created from solitude and from pure and authentic creative impulses - where the worries of competition, acclaim and social promotion do not interfere - are, because of these very facts, more precious than the productions of professions. ... we cannot avoid the feeling that in relation to these works, cultural art in its entirety appears to be the game of a futile society, a fallacious parade."

Though written in the 1950s, the proclamation reads now like a perfect manifesto for the kind of anti-establishment art scene we've been discussing. Yet quite apart from epitomizing a 'purer' alternative to the mainstream, the kind of art Dubuffet describes now carries connotations far beyond those of his original assessment.

The 'simplicity' of naïve or folk art harks back - in popular nostalgia at least - to carefree, less complex times in which a sense of place and purpose were clearly defined. It's little wonder that its revival coincides with acute apprehension regarding our own, turbulent times.

By contrast, much outsider art is clearly associated with not belonging - a characteristic most evident in its embrace of art produced by the mentally ill.

Yet here again there's a definite connection. Such work often originates through its use as a therapeutic tool; a fact that throws interesting light on the intricate, involved delineation of much recent drawing and painting. Indeed, in its conspicuous efforts to order, pattern and negotiate space, such complexity provides almost casebook examples of conflict-solving Gestalt.

More interestingly still, a significant proportion of contemporary practice doesn't just seek to interpret complex realities, but actually sets out to create them through construction of highly personal, alternative worlds.

Paul Noble's well-known drawings of fictional 'Nobson Newtown' are devoid of human figures, yet imbued with visual invention and idiosyncratic textual comment. A clear intention is to provide a reflection of the mind of their maker: as Noble himself puts it, "town planning as self-portraiture".

Other artists' fictional worlds provide similar arenas for grappling with issues that echo or parallel our own.

Michael Whittle, a recent graduate from the Royal College of Art, creates intricate drawings melding religious iconography with motifs garnered from heraldry, alchemy and science. The resulting images, snapshots of impossible states, underpin the artist's own desire to "make sense of reality" while also investigating "... man's attempts to come to terms with existence".

Camille Rose Garcia (whose practice, though largely identified with painting, includes much drawing) is well known for deceptively enchanting visions of what amounts to a near-dystopia. A recurring cast of characters battle to save or destroy a poisoned, dying world. The baddies, unfortunately, seem to be winning.

Art today appears to be grappling with a spiritual, political and therapeutic function that arguably, it hasn't reflected quite so clearly for centuries. And the fact that drawing, the most immediate and spontaneous of mediums, forms a vital aspect of the interpretation of a complex world should come as no surprise.

Postscript: Drawing right now - who we're liking

The energy of the California scene continues apace, with San Francisco still arguably the epicentre of new drawing - check out the wonderful work of Sara Thustra, Sacha Eckes, Andrew Schoultz and Simone Shubuck (a San Francisco native, though now resident in New York).

LA practice remains particularly diverse, but artists who make exciting use of drawing include Travis Millard, Adam Janes and Gina Triplett.

Elsewhere in the States, we enjoy the work of Carter, Aurel Schmidt and UK-born Dominic McGill (best known for his epic, 65ft 'Project for a New American Century').

In Europe, Richard Höglund produces interesting drawings informed by semiotics, and in the UK, artists of note include Sarah Woodfine and Adam Dant (the latter have both been recipients of the Jerwood Drawing Prize.

Most exciting of all, newcomer Laura Oldfield Ford's creates large-scale, beautifully rendered drawings with astute political commentary at their core, as well as the cult zine 'Savage Messiah, an extraordinary foray into the psycho-geographic terrain of London.




Fascinated by the business of online advertising? So are we! http://www.clickspiration.com

"If we can't say it simply, we won't say it at all" http://www.simplersteps.com




A Short History of Printed Art


The oldest and most well-known graphic art prints were first produced by woodcut printing. The Chinese were the first to make religious woodcut prints though they never became prominent print designers. The Japanese learned wood cutting and woodcarving techniques from the Chinese and Koreans and went on to produce some of the most prized prints today. The first of these prints were created in black and white and decades later, the Japanese began printing in three colors. At around 1700, they began to use eight to 11 blocks of colors to produce more sophisticated works. One of the big differences between Western and Oriental woodcut art is the way that changes of shade are achieved. For example, in the East, the watercolor is brushed on the surface of the wood block like in a painting, while in the West, shading is achieved by the increasing the degree of engraving and the depth of the designs carved in the wood block.

In Europe during the Middle Ages, woodcuts were primarily used to make fabric designs. Playing cards and religious pictures were also the first products of European printers. After the invention of movable type, history books and Bibles began to be filled with woodcut illustrations.

There are three main methods of making prints. The oldest one is the relief method where the print is carved on a raised surface. Woodcuts are the most popular form of relief painting. It could be tedious because the artist would first get a block of wood and cut away the background from this design. The design was then slowly inked and printed.

The second printing method is called "intaglio" and is the opposite of relief printing. In "intaglio", the print is made from the lines of areas which have been cut or burned away. After the drawing has been carved on a metal plate, the plate is covered with ink. Damp paper is placed on the top of the plate and when the paper and plates are run through the press, the paper he lifts the ink from the lines.

A third method is known as the planographic process. Lithography is the most common type of planographic printing. Slabs of limestone are the most commonly used materials, although lithographs can be made from metal sheets. Lithography was invented in 1796 and was primarily used as a cheap method to produce music sheets. The lithograph first won popularity in France because it was less complicated and cheaper to use than woodcuts and was better suited to mass production. Europeans started to use it as a means to print political propaganda, wall decorations and book illustrations.

The invention of photography ended the use of prints to produce paintings and reproductions. Silk screen also became one of the more popular ways to produce mass prints. Most 20th-century artists have attempted to make prints. Prints are so seldom used today because they are no longer are created for mass-produced publications. So today, a print, whether carved, etched, designed, or printed by the artist himself, is now acknowledged as a precious work of art. But unlike a painting of which there is only one "original", a print can yield up to 50 originals. For this reason, an artist's print can usually cost less than one of his original paintings. However, many great art collections and galleries have been started with the purchase of a single print.




Michael Russell Your Independent guide to Arts [http://arts-guide.com]